Evolution of News in Broadcast

Radio:

Radio news is similar to television news but is transmitted through the medium of the radio. It is based on the audio aspect rather than the visual aspect.  Radio news broadcasts can range from as little as a minute to as much as the station's entire schedule, such as the case of all-news radio, or talk radio. Stations dedicated to news or talk content will often feature newscasts, or bulletins, usually at the top of the hour, usually between three and eight minutes in length. They can be a mix of local, national and international news, as well as sport, entertainment, weather and traffic reports, or they may be incorporated into separate bulletins.

Radio made its debut years before World War I — it was often used by ships transmitting messages via Morse code, and in 1912, operators on the Titanic depended on radio to communicate with other ships and with onshore radio stations. Yet the possibility that the disaster might have been prevented had radio been used correctly intrigued both commissions, and radio operators from the Titanic and other ships.  radio was widely used on land, sea and in the air during WWI. However, the longwave wireless sets were fragile, heavy and expensive. When the British government acquired the Marconi Company telecommunications and engineering company, it focused the firm to develop radio for wartime use. This led to radio kits being made more portable and voice to be transmitted along with code, effectively evolving the way radio was used.

Television:

Like radio, TV is a universal medium, installed in about 99 percent of all US homes and it is turned on about seven hours a day.   TV is the dominant US medium for news and entertainment.  And TV is an expensive business.  Media is playing great role in every society. It plays important role in setting agendas of public. We all are bombarded with so much information all the day. Electronic media, print media and social media are some common types of media.

In Pakistan, media is working freely and independently. In case of electronic media there are a number of channels are working including news, sports and entertainment channels. It is the responsibility of media to highlight those issues which are good for the public and discourage unethical factors of the society. Media should be very sensitive while presenting its country towards the world. Our media tells the world what exactly we are, what are our norms, values and culture. Being an Islamic country, our media should represent us in a good way towards the world.

The Western media is the mass media of the Western world. During the Cold War, it portrayed itself as a counterpoint to the monopolistic, state-owned media of the Soviet Union. The Western media has gradually expanded into developing countries, with significant news coverage focused on various alleged human rights issues in certain parts of Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe. In spite of its claimed openness, Western media has been demonstrated to contain biased material or coverage of certain countries or groups, usually aligning itself with staunch criticisms of those countries still independent of Western interests, and dismissing human rights abuses against nationalities by Western countries.

Social Media:

Being first to report breaking news has long been a key value for traditional media outlets. Though this may no longer hold the appeal it once had.

Following the disappearance of Malaysia Airways flight MH370 in March,NBC news also highlighted various false reports spreading on social media, which alleged that the plane had made a safe landing. False information spreads just like accurate information. Important work is being developed on the spread and circulation of online information, specifically academic and industry studies on virality. When it comes to verifying information online, journalism could be seen as a type of frontline service in dealing with false information online. 

PhotoJournalism

And the YUMMM kaliji at Kashmiri Bazar Rawalpindi

                                                               Childhood is beautiful.

                                                           Old women enjoying tea at road side.

                                                                Picture speaks itself.

An old man sitting at footpath.

                                              And 'HE' is the one who holds everything.

Global News Agenda

We are living in a world where millions of events are taking place simultaneously. Media organizations and institutions have employed thousands of people to observe those events and report them. The news media tell us which issues are important and which ones are not. We have never seen the war situations of Afghanistan , Iraq , Palestine and Kashmir with our own eyes. Even then we have pictures of these disputed areas in our minds. The media's daily reports inform us about the latest events and changes taking place in the world beyond our reach. As a result of this phenomenon, most of our perceptions about the world are a second-hand reality created by the media organizations. There is no assurance and no guarantee that this reality is an accurate picture of the world. Media organizations have their own aims and objectives. Throughout the world, most of the media organizations are owned by non-media owners. The majority of them are owned by the huge business groups like the General Electric Company that owns a number of TV channels, radio stations and newspapers in the USA.

■       World Media is Controlled by one supper power.

■       Their only agenda is to promote them and make coverage according to their own interest.

■       Media scholars have attempted to identify the key variables that shape the complicated international news selection process.

■       Television news programs serve as an important source of information.

■       Television news gatekeepers often select some nations as more newsworthy than other nations.

INTERNATIONAL NEWS COVERAGE

■       Coverage of international news often focuses on select nations while abandoning coverage of most nations around the world. The lack of balance in coverage of nations by US media has been empirically examined by several studies.

■       Golan’s (2003) content analysis of 1300 television newscasts found that 20 nations accounted for more than 80 percent of the overall international news coverage. The analysis revealed that the majority of third world nations received limited or no coverage.

■       Since many Americans learn about the world from watching television (Larson, 1984), a lack of balance in coverage may influence public opinion of nations and international affairs.

■       Wanta et al. (2004) analyzed the relationship between international news coverage and American opinion of world affairs. The authors found that the more media coverage a nation received, the more likely people were to think the nation was important to US interests. Furthermore, they found that the more negatively a nation was covered by television newscasts, the more negatively Americans thought about that nation.

Conclusion:

 It can be concluded that the mass media can play a pivotal role in changing the minds of the people. Because of the agenda setting role of mass media, the media agenda becomes the public agenda with the passage of time. The theory supports the concept of the strong media effects. Now it becomes the responsibility of the media organizations to play a responsible role in their agenda setting, because ultimately it will become public agenda. The theory puts a high responsibility on the shoulders of media organizations because their irresponsible behavior can damage the national interest.

EDUCATION; A KEY TO DEVELOPMENT

We are going to discuss one of the most aggravating issue this nation is facing, but to find a solution to this predicament that has hindered the development of our country economically, as well as in terms of infrastructure, health care, social security and a myna of other aspects. the issue to be raised is the several problems regarding educational facilities which is a great concern to our people. while education proves to be one of the most important factors for the development of human civilization, I would inure dulously have to say that we are still struggling in this field with a say that we are still struggling in this field with a literacy rate lower than what is expected of an independent and affluent country in the in the twenty first century. As conveyed earlier, education is the essence of man power, the portal to strengthening rational unity and integrity and the key to uplifting public awareness.
       Therefore, if we do not, if we do not become more competitive then how can we prosper in today's world? How can we find another cheap and tangible defense mechanism for our nation? As a result if we are to pave our way towards intellect, our educational institutions have to be in line with modern advancements. our educational curriculum must equip students with the skills to remain competitive in an increasingly interconnected world. the measure allocation of funds has to be raised immediately and there must be no room for inefficient, incompetent teachers in schools. the disparity within the system that has originated due to the unaddressed social hierarchy has to be ended and the administration closely watched to prevent any mismanagement or corruption. Scholarships and financial support has to be offered to deserving students and advanced teachers workshops to be introduced.

Movie Review

My Best Friend’s Wedding

In the start I would like to tell the review of the story I am going to write and modify. The story is about a young girl who studied in a college. In the college she had a best friend but at that time she was not in love with the guy. She was a true sincere girl of her words. The friendship was so close that if they promise each other anything, she will make it.

One bright afternoon sitting together in the cafeteria after class, they were just discussing their future plans. They thought that if they are good friends and understand each other, then at a mature age they shall get married. So they decided to get marry only after education and in professional life, years after. They made promise to each other that if neither found a mate before they turned 28, they would marry each other.   

 So time passed away and now they are both professionals and mature to get married. But only three weeks are left for the deadline they decided for their marriage. So by a promise made years earlier at the college time, she is supposed to marry her best friend in three weeks, even though she doesn't want to. When she finds out that he's marrying someone else, she becomes jealous and tries to break off the wedding.  That’s the core idea of the story.

The girl name is Kate and boy’s is Ken. They both had feelings for each other in the first year itself, but they were too young to understand what they felt. But once they reached the degree class, things began to get serious.” At that time, her most memorable moment was on a Valentine’s Day, when Ken presented her with a card on which he had inscribed, ‘To My Wife’.

Ken impressed her on another occasion.One day, a classmate, Julia told Ken that there was a beautiful, fair, and slim girl in the science group, who was also a singer. Julia said, “This girl will be a good match for you. But Ken replied, I would like to get friendly only if I want to get married. I am not interested in a romance. 

When Kate came to know this story, it made her very happy. She realized he was not the flirty type.
One day, she left for the state capital, accompanied by her father. During the journey he gave her a musician’s magazine in which there was an article on upcoming singers. There was a photo and an article about Ken. She thought since my father knew that Ken was a classmate, he had given me the magazine. She read through it with joy but she also felt guilty because her parents did not know that she was in love with Ken.


 For Kate, what she likes about her boyfriend is his straight-forwardness. “He will not talk ill of anybody behind their back,” she says. “Ken is a loving and loyal person, although he does not express it. He has the same friends as that of her.” 

For Kate, the one drawback of Ken is that he can lose his temper. “It can be over the most basic of matters,” she says. “It cannot be predicted. She does get hurt at times. But she knows this happens because he is a sensitive person.” 

Kate is also sensitive when it comes to being in the spotlight. “I am a private person,” she says. “There are people who enjoy being known. That is not the case with me. I don’t like to go for public functions. This hesitation puts Ken into a problem. Because he has to go alone, while the others are accompanied by their Girlfriends.” 

On the rare occasions that she goes to witness a concert by her Boyfriend, she feels nervous. Ken is also like that.

 On the day of a performance, he is tense from the morning. He hardly eats anything, but once the show begins, after two or three songs, he begins to relax. That is the time she enjoys his singing.”

 Her favorite is the first film song Ken had sung: ‘My Love My Life’. Ken’s career took off. So, naturally, she liked that song the most.  

After the studies and during the years they stayed away, Ken established himself as a devotional and playback singer. And Kate was also busy in her professional life having many new friends and colleagues. She on and off realized that something is missing in her life and that was the company of Ken, his tremendous personality, strong support, fresh talks and ideas , sparkling days and much more. She finally came to know that she is badly in love with him when he left and she misses him time to time, moment by moment.

Then the story takes a turn immediately.

And finely balanced life of kate is upset when Ken calls Kate one day telling her about his to Kimmy, after only meeting her for a few weeks. Kate’s magnificent ego takes a fall and a beating, literally. She is completely disturbed, but she recovers fast, a little too fast.

She tells her friends that Ken is making a huge mistake, that the couple are not meant for each other and she is Ken's only true love. In other words, Jules convinces herself and us, that she is the deserver of Ken’s romance and true love. What a story, she tells her friends that Kimmy is not suitable for Ken. She puts her scheming plans in motion to break off the engagement. What a Kate Experience with a twist.

But the story gets better, because it gets a little ambiguous. Kate is confident, accomplished and sophisticated.

Kate is now against Kimmy . Some of the stuff she does are really so cheap, She is putting the blames of various kinds on Kimmy involving her friend Tom.

Poor Tom, played a really bad role to pull Kimmy down. Tom continued efforts at destroying the bonds of love between Ken and Kimmy. Everything is fair in love and war.But Kate is a failed girl. Her efforts are, at best, harmless and ineffective. She's constantly sucked by guilt, and she's as evil as Daffy Duck.

She meets Ken, and realizes that this girl really is perfect, not just to Tom. she continues on a campaign to turn Ken and Kimmy against each other. Tom joins her, and attempts to help her face the truth about what will make her feel good for the immediate moment and in the long term.

As the wedding date approaches, Kate becomes more desperate, but her attempts fail. However, just before the wedding, Ken gets a message that throws his relationship with Kimmy seriously into doubt and gives Kate her chance to share her true feelings with Ken.

That was the Kate’s lucky day. Ken also realized and told Kate that he was also feeling attraction towards her, but he was not expecting that the promise of a college may become true.

Finally Ken takes a hard decision and asks Kimmy to go to his boyfriend who was waiting for Kimmy to make Ken fool and bring Ken down from his professional musician level.

That was a plan against Ken. Because Ken was a star and Kimmy was about to break his heart, after marriage and fool him. All the plan revealed.

So the happy ending appeared and Ken launches his blockbuster Music in market and gains enormous fame while they get married also.  ☺

Poem Book

No power can undo Pakistan